Hash Encryption in Windows 10 Anniversary Update

Microsoft recently introduced a large anniversary update for Windows 10, one of its most popular operating systems.

Windows 10 Anniversary Update makes Windows 10 better than ever before. You can enjoy a multitude of new features, including:
– shuffle buttons in the Start menu
– take advantage of additional highly requested adware
– resize and reshape the adorable tiles
– admire how fast your personal data is sent to Microsoft
– try a brilliant monochrome skin for those suffering from moon blindness
– view brand new minimalistic icons developed by thousands of hard-working UI designers
– spend even more time searching for system options across multiple windows, thus raising the bar for your extrasensory perception

In all seriousness, however, the update does actually introduce some important improvements that deserve our attention. These include a Linux shell, pure re-installation, improved intelligence in Cortana, new login options based on Windows Hello, and much more.
The funny thing is that, despite the fact that the standard login workflow of Windows 10 has been slightly changed, this is not mentioned in the release notes at all. Due to these slight, yet significant changes, most hacker tools for pulling password hashes out of Windows will not work anymore. These changes may have been motivated by Microsoft’s desire to discontinue support for legacy and vulnerable cryptographic algorithms. In our example, Microsoft has decided to discontinue support for RC4.

According to Microsoft, user passwords are stored as hashes (instead of plain-text representation) that can be accessed in the corresponding section of the Windows registry (only by the system itself):
HKLM/SAM/SAM/Domains/Account/users/%RID%/V
Where %RID% – is the unique user ID.
Unique user IDs can be figured out by scanning the following registry tree:
HKLM/SAM/SAM/Domains/Account/users/names/%NAME%
Each key containing a username is associated with a corresponding RID. For example, the RID of the Administrator account is always equal to 500 (0x1F4 in the hexadecimal notation), while the Guest’s RID is 501 (0x1F5).

Any user’s registry key also holds at least ‘C’ and ‘V’ records. A ‘V’ record contains the variable-length data that corresponds to this account. The names themselves seem to be abbreviations – ‘V’ stands for ‘variable’ and ‘C’ means ‘constant.’ Each variable in the ‘V’ records is represented as a constant within the interval from 0 to 0xCC, e.g. a username is encoded as 0xC. Therefore, if we know the constant, we can identify an offset to the index that refers to actual data. LM and NT hashes correspond to 0x9C and 0xA8 respectively. However, obtaining the final password hash will require several additional decryption steps.

http://www.passcape.com/images/blog/sam_v_entry.png

Let’s see how the system generally retrieves the NTLM hash of a user:
– First of all, the system identifies a path to the key in the Windows registry where the account settings are stored, e.g. HKLM/SAM/SAM/Domains/Account/Users/00001F4
– The next step is to read the variable that contains the NTLM hash. This variable corresponds to the constant 0xA8. The system thus reads the data index based on the offset in this constant, i.e. 0x19C. Adding the data index to 0xCC will give the offset 0×268 from which we can access the actual data (our ‘raw’ NTLM hash) as shown in the picture. Now the system can read the hash and decrypt it.
– Using SYSKEY, the system decrypts the SAM session key. The SAM session key is stored in the registry section called HKLM/SAM/SAM/Domains/Account/V. This data structure actually keeps two encryption keys: the current one and the previous one. In this step, the system uses the MD5 and RC4 algorithms. In Windows 10 Anniversary Update, RC4 has been replaced with AES
– The system then uses the SAM session key to decrypt the ‘raw’ hash obtained in Step 2 through the RC4 or AES (for Windows 10 Anniversary Update) algorithm.
– And, finally, the data that has been obtained is transformed once again into the actual data by means of the DES algorithm and the user’s RID as the encryption key. Now our NTLM hash is ready.

As you can see, in Windows 10 AU the RC4 stream cipher in Steps 3 and 4 has been replaced with the AES block cipher. This has led to certain changes in the data storage structure (at least because the data length in AES blocks must be multiple to 16 bytes) but has not resulted in stronger security of the operating system.

Summary: In Windows 10 Anniversary Update, the encryption algorithms of SAM accounts have been changed. Did the new algorithms make password hashes safer? No. Was it worth it? Yes, since the unified changes applied to domain users as well – some of their private data was at risk of being compromised due to vulnerabilities in the legacy RC4 algorithm. However, that is another matter entirely.

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Badho Bahu a Love Story of Fat Girl with a Fit Boy

We love TV series because we want to have fun from time to time. Badho Bahu will allow you to have tons of fun right away, but your heart will be beating faster as well. Badho Bahu has an amazing plot that you will love at instant. We are going to talk a little bit about Badho Bahu and the things this love story has in store for you. So read on to find out even more about it.

Badho Bahu is a romantic TV series that is currently airing on the popular &TV channel. Sunny Side produced this story. Rytasha Rathore plays the important female lead role, while Bigg Boss 9 winner Prince Narula plays the handsome male lead role. The story revolves around an overweight girl who overcomes her life battle with all the composure she could muster. Haryana is the backdrop of this series. Badho is the principal character of the story.

Badho has a big size and a big heart, and this makes the story even more interesting. She is a very innocent girl wanting to help everyone around her. Something really strange happens when Badho eventually get married to the most popular wrestler in her town. The next phase of the story has to do with Badho`s efforts to convince her husband that she was the right choice for him. You will also find many reasons why Badho Bahu is truly worth watching for a while.

Badho Bahu has many interesting things that you will love such as street-side sass and quirky dialect. You will always see Mr. Lucky Ahlawat flaunting his 6-pack abs wherever he goes. In fact, he is the pride of the whole town, as he is a very popular among the town girls. His mischievous and innocent look will make your heart beat faster down the road as well. The father of Lucky is a just a doting dad, and he is also a supportive father-in-law at the same time.

As you can see, Badho Bahu is here to stay. With an amazing plot and interesting backdrop, Badho Bahu is truly here to stay. Badho is all hearts as she takes the harsh words from others. She is always on the lookout for new things to do helping a lot of people along the way. This girl has something good for everyone around her, and she loves her husband as well. However, she is not too sure about the love of her husband, so she is always trying to win him over as well. You will have a blast with Badho Bahu in no time, and that`s not an exaggeration.

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1000 Business Cards And Silk Laminate Business Cards Will Certainly Make Your Business Moves Success

Business cards are one way of exchanging cordial relationship and maintaining good terms of trust and faith with the company or the businessperson. Business cards are a very professional way of communicating and exchanging contacts. If you are thinking about opening a business and plant to expand and grow it, then you will surely need to get in touch with more people and the only way to start a professional relationship is to exchange these business cards and this can be a start to a fruitful business deal as well.

When you are ordering business cards, you firstly have to choose your designs that you are planning to go with and then you have to make sure that you order them in bulk. If you are planning to make use of proper resources and information for the clients and customers to follow, then you must make use of these business cards to get to more of them.

1000 business cards in stacks –

Stacks of 1000 cards can be used for your business purposes, so you can order these in bulk. Both companies and customers are profited by business cards when they are ordered in bulk. The stack of 1000 business cards can give you the opportunity to make 1000 business deals that will definitely work your business to another level. Making connection in the world today is an opportunity to grow and to build. If you are planning to bulk order business cards, then you must figure out the price from each online and offline store and decide the services according to the budgets. It depends on the usage of these cards and that is why one needs to be sure what designs they are looking for.

Silk laminated business cards –

Looking for a fancy and sophisticated look? If that is the case, then the Silk laminated business cards will do you great justice. These cards are classy looking business cards with Full color HD printing and they are 10 times long lasting than other business cards. You need to order them in bulk and be specific about the design as well. People with class a taste who are looking forward use silk laminated cards. These cards are also tear and crease resistant and has an almost 60% thickness of a credit card. The company has a 24 hours print service available and they provide discounts to customers that are both new and existing.

If you are interested in setting up your business and to make relevant business connections with clients, then you certainly need to use business cards to give way your information and in return have theirs. Business cards are of utmost importance in the market where people need to know each other and maintain cordial relationships with each other.

Therefore, decide on your budget and get the best business cards printing services like none other in respect to their designs, options and prices.

Promote your Business with LED SIGNS in Business Market

Today, there is a great need of LED SIGNS for the better promotion of any business products and services. In fact, online as well as offline business are now running in the leading business market only with its perfect promotion with led sign and the message created on such sign to attract customer. IF you really want to improve your business with programmable led signs then it is better for you to give preference to fit the message information into a frame which can appear for few seconds in front of the customer so that he or she can easily read about services and quality of any business. In fact, it is only your business message which can allow more and more customer to visit your company for hiring service or buying products available in your company.

Utility of Led Signs in Cities
In many states and metropolitan cities, different LED message centers are now opened which are using varieties of messages on LED SIGNS and displaying them under government regulation. However, in such cities, video clips and other relevant moving messages are not permissible because such form of messages sometimes shows unusual content which can create bad impact on the mindset of viewer. If you want to install new led sign for your business then you need to contact your nearby local sign contractor which can easily interpret your local municipal sign codes for government regulation which in future can be easily displayed in front of the public and other roadside locations with ease and comfort.

Bargain Signs for Business
Bargain Led Sign is one of the fines and most reliable led signs providing firm which is well known for offering top quality led products and services to those business oriented firms that are struggling greatly for their existence in the vast area of business. With the use of such scrolling led sign, the company’s using such signs can easily get customer attention towards the products available on their business. Bargain led sign offers such signs for the business related firms which can promote such sign owner business even if the marketing condition are not favorable for such business.

Bargain Led Signs are very Lower in Cost
Bargain Led Sign offers the led scrolling sign at very affordable prices that can be easily afforded by not only high business firms but also small scale business firms can make their position in the market by using such advertising media for their business services and products promotion. It is a fact that led signs used on LED display promotion is somehow expensive than other modes of business promotion but in reality the advertisement appear on the display can attract new customers and can result in increasing sales of company’s product and service to great extent.

Importance of Learning Business Management before Venturing into a Business

If you want to transition from being an employee to someone who owns their own business because it seems easier, you probably have the wrong idea of having a business. Running your own business gives you more responsibilities simply because you will be the one to reap off the results of your work. That being said, it is only right that you are involved with the whole operations from top to bottom. This also means that you need to know about all the works of business management. This is something that many people overlook when they decide to jump into their business ventures. Whether the business small, medium or large scale, you would do well to immerse yourself fully in the domain of business management for these all-important reasons.

First, it prepares you for the realities of being in the business industry. Learning business management is basically an introduction to what you will encounter in your ventures. From the startup to the run and maintenance of the business, you will be given a grasp of the basic principles and of course, the directives of how you can apply these principles. Now, here are some of the actual principles that you will get to learn while studying business management.

Leadership – For clear reasons, this is a valuable skill to have when you run your own business. For one, you will be the one to oversee that everything will run accordingly. As said before, you are the one who owns the business so you will be dealt with the greatest impact whether your business succeeds or not. With good leadership, you will have the goods to manage, supervise and of course, lead your people. Specialists like Tony Hakim would be great examples for this. It is not just all about assigning people with the task. By learning leadership through the study of business management, you will be given the scope of what you can expect from your employees. It will also give you the ability to respond to your employees properly, especially when there is an issue that occurs. Perhaps most importantly, though, attaining leadership quality in business management will give you the ability to motivate your people. This helps a business significantly since there is bound to be better results when everyone is involved and fully invested in growing the business.

Teamwork – Of course, business management also teaches you the principle of teamwork. Apart from being the leader of the pack, you are also part of the team. Even more so, as the leader, you should lead by example in being a team player. By being a team, you can turn your people into an entire workforce that runs efficiently. That being said, understanding teamwork through business management will let you know how to stimulate the team format within your operations. You will know how to properly allocate the responsibilities and such. More importantly though, you will get an idea on how to deal with diverse personalities which is important since you would want everyone to be in sync with the business’s specific goal despite their differences.

By paying due attention to learning all about business management, you might attain success just like Tony Hakim and other respected names in the industry.

Business Empowerment Program Provides Effective Business Solutions to the Business Problems

Leadership plays a critical role in the effectiveness and performance of an organization. Leadership is one of the organization’s assets and to rule and manage the organization or to become an effective manager you must possess leadership skills and expertise.

In an organizational context, leaders create a clear vision, develop strategies, communicate it to organization members that help them in realizing the vision, and motivate people to work towards achieving the vision. They also negotiate for support and necessary resources to help implement the goals.

As society has advanced in terms of leisure time, technology and the communication of ideas, people increasingly desire to experience spirituality not only in their personal lives but also in their work, the place where they spend more than half of the time. Spiritual leadership involves an inherent quality of motivating and inspiring workers through faith in a vision.

The reason behind bringing spiritual leadership in an organization is to fulfill the basic needs of both leaders and followers for spiritual well-being, to create vision and value, empowered team, to foster higher levels of employee well-being, organizational commitment, financial performance, and social responsibility.

In other words, Spiritual leadership is leadership that comes out of our life force, our spirit. For some of us, that spirit is nurtured by a connection to “Spirit”– that is, the creative force that

Makes and sustains life
Force us breathes
Inspires us by many names: God, Goddess, Love, and Mother Earth.
Or some find their spirits deeply connected to the spirits of their ancestors, plants, and animals, of the elements, of their People, of the wider community.

In such a competitive environment, the organizations require empowered employees who continuously provide high-quality products, effective services, and innovation in the business to generate profits. Empowerment is the process that enables an individual to think, behave, gives power control over work or to take action if necessary and authority of decision making. Following are the major reasons for carrying out empowerment in the organization as:

It provides the best and fastest solutions to all your business problems
It provides growth opportunities for employees
It helps in lowering organizational cost
The lighthouse church of Houston becomes one of the fastest growing churches of America founded by Pastor Keion Henderson. Our mission is committed to aiding people throughout the world by providing the tools of leadership and business development to realize their full potential

And choosing lighthouse church of Houston is one of the best options for you to improve the lifestyle as Keion Henderson Sermons considers as one of the world’s most inspirational and influential leaders who traveling extensively to share the gospel around the globe to provide leadership and business development tools to you.

Invest On The Newest Kinds Of Business Cards- The Linen Business Cards And The Foil Stamped Business

When the idea is to promote your business, business cards are the commonest, oldest and perhaps the most reliable way of getting the job done. There are innumerous vendors from whom you can bring home your cards. There are different types of business cards. In earlier days, there were only a very few options, but with rampant growth in technology, there are various choices to choose from. Each choice will cost you differently. So you can make your choice while keeping in mind your budget. You can place your order online as well as offline. Compare between the vendors in order to settle with the best deal.

There are little unique features which can be added to the cards to add to its value as well as impression in the eyes of the target customer. Linen business cards and foil stamped business cards are two of the newest members in the family of business cards both of which have already gained massive popularity and their popularity keeps on increasing with every passing day.

Linen business cards are made by using a very high quality state of art technology of offset printing known as Heidelberg. The colors of the linen business cards are flawless and they will surely create a very positive impression in the industry as well as in the minds of your target customers. Linen business cards are ideal for those who want something very simple and classy. They have a very sober way of grabbing all the attention. The paper is thin but is textured with a unique touch of elegance. This is perfect if you want to distribute business cards while conducting business meetings because these are the occasions when you might not wish to overdo the graphics or show off your financial status but you want to be in the limelight with class and elegance.

These cards are highly preferred by clients who are very smart and search for leverage during a business meeting. It is a common perception that clients get attracted when you show off your wealth. There are clients who will get attracted towards your business by seeing your expensive car which you brought to the business meeting.

However, there are clients as well who do not prefer when wealth is flaunted. The linen business cards will surely impress both kinds of clients. The cards will not let you flaunt your wealth but will give an impression of your financial power in the most classy and subtle way.

Foil stamped business cards are considered to be the most prestigious in the family of business cards and a deadly weapon to be carried to business meetings. The card is printed on silk laminated 17pt thick paper stock. The thickness is about 60% of that of a credit card. It is resistant to wear and tear as well as water resistant which increases its life to a great extent. The stamping is done in gold. The gold stamping shimmers in different lighting conditions. It has a luster which makes it stand out from the background always. This card is more than a perfect choice if you want to flaunt your dominance and wealth.